Google Workspace vs Microsoft 365 Schools: Google Runs Email for 76% of US Districts, and Florida Is the Only Microsoft State
The Google Workspace vs Microsoft 365 schools question has a measurable answer. As of November 2026, we checked the public mail (MX) records of every US regular school district website listed in the federal Common Core of Data: of 10,591 districts whose domain receives email, 76% run it on Google Workspace and 15% on Microsoft 365. Google leads in 39 states, Microsoft in 1.
Key findings
- 8,097 of 10,591 measured US school districts (76%) route email to Google Workspace and 1,618 (15%) to Microsoft 365; 876 (8%) use another provider or their own server.
- 39 states are Google states (Google ahead by 10 points or more); Florida is the only Microsoft state, at 52% Microsoft. Maine is the most Google-heavy state at 95%.
- Size flips the result: Google has 83% of districts under 500 students but 31% of districts with 25,000 or more, where Microsoft has 52%.
- Weighted by enrollment, Google districts teach 53% of students in measured districts and Microsoft districts 36%, a much closer race than the district count.
- Small districts are the least protected against spoofing: 29% of districts under 500 students enforce DMARC, against 70% of districts with 25,000 or more.
- 69% of district mail domains publish a DMARC record, but only 41% set an enforcing policy (quarantine or reject) and 18% use reject.
- Microsoft districts end SPF with a strict -all 67% of the time, Google districts 14%: DMARC enforcement differs much less (51% vs 41%).
Google states and Microsoft states
Each tile shows the share of measured regular districts in that state on Google Workspace (G) and Microsoft 365 (M). A state counts as a Google state or a Microsoft state when one platform leads by 10 percentage points or more, and we only classify states with at least 15 measured districts.
The Google states: Maine, Wisconsin, Vermont, Oklahoma, Iowa, Missouri, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Ohio, Illinois, Kansas, North Dakota, Michigan, North Carolina, Alaska, Colorado, New Jersey, Mississippi, Indiana, Oregon, Montana, Minnesota, Arkansas, Virginia, California, Arizona, Connecticut, Alabama, Utah, Texas, Nevada, Washington, New Mexico, New York, Wyoming, Georgia, Tennessee, West Virginia, Pennsylvania. The one Microsoft state: Florida. Split states, where neither platform leads by 10 points: Maryland, South Carolina. 9 jurisdictions cannot be called: the CCD directory lists no district websites for Idaho, Louisiana, Nebraska, Rhode Island; districts in District of Columbia, Kentucky, South Dakota mostly use a shared state domain, which we excluded; Delaware, Hawaii have too few districts with a measurable domain.
State-run school email networks are Microsoft
The districts we excluded for listing a shared state or regional domain point the other way. The statewide K-12 domains for North Dakota, Kentucky, West Virginia, Washington (wednet.edu) and Delaware, and the Bureau of Indian Education’s bie.edu, all route mail to Microsoft 365; South Dakota’s k12.sd.us goes to state servers. Regional service-center domains are mixed.
| Shared domain (5+ districts) | Regular districts listing it | Mail platform (MX) |
|---|---|---|
k12.nd.us |
132 | Microsoft 365 |
k12.sd.us |
132 | Own or state-run servers |
kyschools.us |
114 | Microsoft 365 |
bie.edu |
39 | Microsoft 365 |
wednet.edu |
33 | Microsoft 365 |
esc14.net |
20 | Google Workspace |
k12.wv.us |
18 | Microsoft 365 |
wnyric.org |
10 | Own or state-run servers |
esc18.net |
10 | Google Workspace |
txed.net |
7 | Own or state-run servers |
esc17.net |
7 | Microsoft 365 |
k12.de.us |
6 | Microsoft 365 |
eupschools.org |
6 | Microsoft 365 |
stier.org |
5 | No MX |
noacsc.org |
5 | Own or state-run servers |
If every district listing a shared domain were counted with that domain’s platform, Google’s national share would be 73% and Microsoft’s 18%, and Kentucky, North Dakota, West Virginia would join Florida as Microsoft states.
Bigger districts lean Microsoft
District counts flatter Google because the US has thousands of very small districts. Split by 2024-25 enrollment from the CCD membership file, Google’s share falls steadily as districts grow.
Among the 100 largest districts by enrollment, 80 have a measurable website domain: 52 use Microsoft 365, 17 Google Workspace and 11 another provider or their own server. That is why the student-weighted split (53% Google, 36% Microsoft) is so much closer than the district split. Size also predicts email authentication: DMARC enforcement climbs from 29% in the smallest band to 70% in the largest.
City, suburb, town, rural and poverty
By locale
By child poverty rate
Locale tracks size: 81% of rural districts use Google against 54% of city districts, where Microsoft reaches 34%. Google’s share is 78% in districts under 10% child poverty and 70% in districts at 30% or more. DMARC enforcement does vary with poverty: 45% of the lowest-poverty districts enforce it against 31% of the highest-poverty districts.
DMARC by provider: who actually blocks spoofed mail
DMARC tells receiving mail servers what to do with mail that fails authentication for a domain. A policy of p=none only reports; quarantine and reject stop spoofed messages. School domains are a common sender name in phishing aimed at parents and staff, which our phishing statistics report tracks. Results here are aggregates by provider; we do not name districts.
69% of Google districts and 77% of Microsoft districts publish DMARC; 41% and 51% enforce it. Districts that run a filtering gateway in front of their platform (995 in total; the most common are Barracuda (358), Mimecast (171), Proofpoint (117)) are the most likely to have a DMARC record. SPF differs more: 67% of Microsoft districts end their SPF record with -all (fail), against 14% of Google districts, which mostly use ~all (soft fail). Compare these with the wider DMARC adoption statistics across US companies, banks and .gov domains.
State table
Click a column header to sort. “Districts” is the count of open regular districts in the CCD directory; “Measured” is those whose website domain has working MX records after shared state and vendor domains are dropped. Security columns are suppressed where fewer than 10 districts were measured.
| State | Districts | Measured | Microsoft | Other | Students in Google districts | DMARC record | DMARC enforced | SPF -all | Lean | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maine | 253 | 180 | 95% | 1% | 4% | 90% | 72% | 34% | 12% | Google state |
| Vermont | 130 | 55 | 91% | 4% | 5% | 88% | 56% | 31% | 13% | Google state |
| Wisconsin | 420 | 399 | 91% | 4% | 5% | 87% | 75% | 46% | 16% | Google state |
| Oklahoma | 506 | 475 | 90% | 5% | 4% | 72% | 33% | 12% | 8% | Google state |
| Iowa | 325 | 298 | 88% | 3% | 9% | 76% | 71% | 44% | 22% | Google state |
| Missouri | 518 | 462 | 88% | 6% | 6% | 74% | 64% | 36% | 10% | Google state |
| New Hampshire | 181 | 46 | 87% | 7% | 7% | 56% | 54% | 35% | 15% | Google state |
| Ohio | 619 | 523 | 85% | 7% | 7% | 79% | 61% | 27% | 16% | Google state |
| Kansas | 285 | 267 | 84% | 6% | 9% | 57% | 63% | 36% | 12% | Google state |
| Massachusetts | 323 | 295 | 86% | 8% | 6% | 75% | 80% | 45% | 21% | Google state |
| Illinois | 855 | 730 | 85% | 9% | 7% | 82% | 60% | 33% | 16% | Google state |
| North Dakota | 168 | 30 | 83% | 10% | 7% | 23% | 23% | 10% | 10% | Google state |
| Colorado | 178 | 159 | 80% | 10% | 10% | 60% | 64% | 33% | 14% | Google state |
| Michigan | 536 | 460 | 82% | 13% | 4% | 70% | 79% | 47% | 25% | Google state |
| Alaska | 52 | 50 | 80% | 12% | 8% | 34% | 76% | 58% | 26% | Google state |
| Montana | 389 | 262 | 77% | 10% | 13% | 71% | 64% | 42% | 14% | Google state |
| Arkansas | 233 | 204 | 74% | 7% | 19% | 76% | 61% | 48% | 12% | Google state |
| New Jersey | 559 | 526 | 80% | 13% | 8% | 65% | 73% | 47% | 20% | Google state |
| Mississippi | 138 | 128 | 79% | 12% | 9% | 74% | 49% | 34% | 24% | Google state |
| North Carolina | 121 | 106 | 81% | 15% | 4% | 58% | 86% | 72% | 40% | Google state |
| Oregon | 172 | 154 | 79% | 14% | 7% | 63% | 73% | 47% | 35% | Google state |
| Minnesota | 329 | 289 | 76% | 13% | 11% | 67% | 71% | 42% | 18% | Google state |
| Indiana | 291 | 276 | 79% | 16% | 5% | 67% | 78% | 47% | 19% | Google state |
| Delaware | 19 | 7 | 57% | 0% | 43% | 68% | n<10 | n<10 | n<10 | Too few measured |
| Alabama | 140 | 121 | 71% | 16% | 13% | 61% | 60% | 42% | 17% | Google state |
| Connecticut | 168 | 154 | 71% | 18% | 11% | 61% | 77% | 40% | 21% | Google state |
| Virginia | 131 | 121 | 74% | 20% | 7% | 40% | 77% | 48% | 31% | Google state |
| West Virginia | 55 | 19 | 58% | 5% | 37% | 72% | 5% | 0% | 11% | Google state |
| California | 987 | 886 | 72% | 21% | 8% | 51% | 70% | 46% | 31% | Google state |
| Nevada | 17 | 16 | 69% | 19% | 12% | 8% | 56% | 31% | 31% | Google state |
| Utah | 41 | 38 | 71% | 21% | 8% | 70% | 76% | 58% | 34% | Google state |
| Arizona | 223 | 176 | 72% | 23% | 6% | 62% | 64% | 26% | 18% | Google state |
| Texas | 1,022 | 934 | 71% | 22% | 7% | 38% | 80% | 62% | 31% | Google state |
| Wyoming | 48 | 44 | 61% | 18% | 20% | 51% | 73% | 32% | 27% | Google state |
| Georgia | 180 | 22 | 59% | 18% | 23% | 63% | 59% | 32% | 18% | Google state |
| New York | 716 | 600 | 62% | 22% | 16% | 52% | 82% | 39% | 36% | Google state |
| Washington | 298 | 149 | 65% | 30% | 5% | 37% | 74% | 47% | 43% | Google state |
| New Mexico | 89 | 82 | 63% | 29% | 7% | 68% | 59% | 34% | 34% | Google state |
| Tennessee | 141 | 112 | 58% | 34% | 8% | 27% | 62% | 41% | 38% | Google state |
| Kentucky | 171 | 5 | 20% | 0% | 80% | 80% | n<10 | n<10 | n<10 | Too few measured |
| Pennsylvania | 500 | 477 | 54% | 38% | 9% | 52% | 75% | 43% | 35% | Google state |
| South Carolina | 75 | 72 | 47% | 42% | 11% | 49% | 79% | 60% | 43% | Split |
| South Dakota | 147 | 11 | 18% | 18% | 64% | 5% | 27% | 9% | 45% | Too few measured |
| Maryland | 24 | 22 | 41% | 50% | 9% | 26% | 82% | 45% | 59% | Split |
| Florida | 67 | 60 | 28% | 52% | 20% | 12% | 80% | 57% | 50% | Microsoft state |
| District of Columbia | 1 | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Too few measured |
| Hawaii | 1 | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Too few measured |
| Idaho | 115 | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Too few measured |
| Louisiana | 69 | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Too few measured |
| Nebraska | 244 | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Too few measured |
| Rhode Island | 36 | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Too few measured |
Cost and what the platforms offer schools
Both vendors give a free tier to qualifying schools. Google lists Workspace for Education Fundamentals at no cost, with 100 TB of pooled storage, and Education Plus at $6.00 per user per year. Microsoft donates Office 365 A1 (web apps) at no cost and lists Office 365 A3 at $3.25 per faculty user and $2.50 per student user per month. Because both entry tiers cost nothing, the free tier alone cannot separate the two; DNS records show which platform a district picked, not why. For the wider business market, see our Microsoft 365 market share census.
What this means for MSPs and district IT teams
An MSP selling into K-12 should expect Google tenants in most small and rural districts and Microsoft tenants in most large ones, then check the state: in Maine 95% of measured districts are on Google, while in Florida 52% are on Microsoft. The quickest security win is DMARC: 27% of districts already publish p=none and receive reports, so moving them to quarantine is mainly a matter of authorizing every legitimate sender those reports reveal. School platforms are the usual ones: of 9,411 measured district domains with a single SPF record, 1,356 authorize SchoolMessenger, 662 Blackboard’s notification service, 534 Infinite Campus and 428 Gaggle. For Google districts, tightening SPF from ~all to -all after an inventory is a second low-cost step.
Frequently asked questions
Do schools use Google Workspace?
Most US public school districts do. Of 10,591 regular school districts whose website domain receives email, 8,097 (76%) route it to Google Workspace, including 421 that put a filtering gateway in front of Google. 1,618 (15%) use Microsoft 365.
Why do schools use Google instead of Microsoft?
Our data cannot measure motives, but it shows where Google wins: small and rural districts. Google handles mail for 83% of districts with under 500 students and 81% of rural districts, against 31% of districts with 25,000 or more students. Google lists Education Fundamentals at no cost for qualifying institutions; Microsoft donates Office 365 A1 at no cost.
Is Google Workspace as good as Microsoft 365 for schools?
Both run school email at scale; on email authentication, Microsoft districts are somewhat ahead. 69% of Google districts publish a DMARC record and 41% enforce it, against 77% and 51% of Microsoft districts. Microsoft districts are far more likely to end SPF with a strict -all (67% vs 14%).
Do large school districts use Microsoft 365 or Google?
Larger districts lean Microsoft. Among the 100 largest districts by 2024-25 enrollment with a measurable domain (80), 52 use Microsoft 365 and 17 use Google Workspace. Weighted by students, Google districts enroll 53% of students in measured districts and Microsoft districts 36%.
Which states use Microsoft 365 in schools?
Only Florida has a Microsoft lead of at least 10 points among measured districts (Florida: 52% Microsoft). The statewide school domains of North Dakota, Kentucky, West Virginia and Washington also run on Microsoft 365. 39 states lean Google by 10 points or more, led by Maine (95%).
Free to cite and republish with a link to this page. The CSV holds aggregates only (national, provider, enrollment band, locale, poverty band and state); it contains no per-district results.
Methodology
Universe. NCES Common Core of Data (CCD) local education agency directory, SY 2025-26 preliminary file (ccd_lea_029_2526_w_0a_050626). We kept regular public school districts (agency types 1 and 2) whose status is not closed, inactive or future: 13,489 districts. Independent charter agencies are reported only as a comparison line in the CSV.
Domain rule. From the WEBSITE field we removed the scheme, path, port and a leading www, then reduced the host to its registrable domain with the Public Suffix List (so district.k12.mn.us stays district.k12.mn.us). We dropped 1,877 districts: 1,203 list no website (the directory carries no district websites at all for Idaho, Louisiana, Nebraska and Rhode Island, and few for Georgia and New Hampshire; where the 2025-26 field was blank but the SY 2024-25 directory had a website for the same LEAID, we used it, which applied to 6 districts), 72 list a website builder or vendor host (for example sites.google.com or a school CMS), and 602 list a state or regional shared domain (k12.sd.us, k12.nd.us, kyschools.us, k12.wv.us, wednet.edu, Texas service center domains, the Bureau of Indian Education domain and similar, any domain spanning several states or shared by several districts with a service agency, and town or state .gov names). Domains shared by districts in one supervisory union or school union are kept, and each member district gets that domain’s result. A further 956 district domains have no usable MX record, and 65 could not be resolved after retries; neither group is in the shares.
DNS checks. For each of 14,985 domains we made passive DNS queries only: MX, the apex TXT record (SPF), and _dmarc TXT, through Google Public DNS over HTTPS with at most 5 concurrent queries and about 20 queries a second, with failures retried through Cloudflare’s resolver. Queries ran on 2026-11-11 (UTC). No websites or mail servers were contacted.
Provider rule. The lowest-preference MX hosts decide: *.mail.protection.outlook.com is Microsoft 365; aspmx.l.google.com, googlemail.com or smtp.google.com is Google Workspace. When the MX is a filtering gateway (Proofpoint, Mimecast, Barracuda, Cisco and others), the platform behind it is inferred from SPF includes (spf.protection.outlook.com or _spf.google.com, following up to 8 nested includes) or, when SPF names both or neither, from a Microsoft domain-verification TXT token. Everything else, including on-premises servers and regional hosts, is “other or own server”.
DMARC and SPF. DMARC policy is the p= tag of the single v=DMARC1 record at _dmarc.domain; “enforced” means quarantine or reject (pct= is ignored). A missing record or more than one record counts as no valid DMARC. SPF qualifier is the qualifier on the all mechanism of a single v=spf1 record.
Joins. Enrollment: CCD LEA membership SY 2024-25 v1a, Education Unit Total; summed across all agencies it gives 49.59 million students, against 49.52 million for fall 2023 in NCES Digest table 203.20, a check that the file was read correctly. Locale: NCES EDGE public LEA geocodes SY 2024-25 (first digit of LOCALE). Poverty: Census SAIPE 2024 school district estimates, estimated relevant children 5 to 17 in poverty divided by relevant children 5 to 17, joined on state FIPS plus district ID.
Limitations. The website domain is not always the mail domain; a district that publishes its site on one domain and sends mail from another is measured on the website domain or, if that has no MX, left out. Student accounts sometimes sit on a separate subdomain or platform from staff mail. MX records show where inbound mail is delivered, not every product a district licenses: many Google districts also license Microsoft Office, and the reverse. In states where many districts use a shared state domain (North Dakota, South Dakota, Kentucky, West Virginia, Washington), the measured districts are the minority that run their own domain, so those state shares describe that minority. Data are as of the query date and can change at any time.
Not advice. This is a measurement of public DNS configuration, not a security assessment of any district.
Cite as:The Uptime Report. "Google Workspace vs Microsoft 365 Schools: Google Runs Email for 76% of US Districts, and Florida Is the Only Microsoft State." November 2026. https://theuptimereport.com/google-workspace-vs-microsoft-365-schools/
References
- NCES Common Core of Data, data files (LEA directory SY 2025-26 preliminary; LEA membership SY 2024-25). Accessed November 2026.
- NCES EDGE, public school district geocodes and locale, SY 2024-25. Accessed November 2026.
- US Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, 2024 school district estimates (ussd24.xls). Accessed November 2026.
- Google Public DNS, JSON API for DNS over HTTPS. Accessed November 2026.
- Google for Education, compare Workspace for Education editions. Accessed November 2026.
- Microsoft Education, Office 365 Education plans. Accessed November 2026.
- IETF RFC 7489, Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC). Accessed November 2026.
- NCES Digest of Education Statistics, table 203.20 (enrollment cross-check). Accessed November 2026.
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Entry level pen test pay, H-1B filings - Site Reliability Engineer vs DevOps Salary
SRE vs DevOps pay, H-1B filings - Solutions Architect vs Software Engineer Salary
Architect vs engineer pay, Level I to IV - Data Engineer vs Data Analyst Salary
Data engineer vs analyst pay, H-1B ledger - Network Engineer vs System Administrator Salary
Network engineer vs sysadmin pay by state - Security Analyst vs Security Engineer Salary
Analyst vs engineer pay, step by step - Cloud Engineer vs DevOps Engineer Salary
Cloud vs DevOps pay by metro, H-1B - Cisco Layoffs by Year
Cisco cuts by year: charges vs staff - Database Administrator vs Data Engineer Salary
DBA vs data engineer pay, reconciled - Penetration Tester vs Security Engineer Salary
Pen tester vs engineer pay: near tie - Help Desk vs Desktop Support Salary
Help desk vs desktop pay, one BLS code
MSP market and spending
- AI Capex 2026
Big Tech capex vs cash flow, SEC data - Cybersecurity Budget 2027
Federal and CISA cyber budgets, benchmarks - Microsoft 365 Price Increase 2026
Every M365 price change, vs inflation - Computer Prices 2026
Computer price indexes and HS 8471 imports - MSP Market Size 2026
Managed services market, built from Census - Small Business AI Adoption 2026
AI use by firm size, sector, state, Census - Cyber Insurance Statistics
Cyber insurance market, NAIC 2015-2024 - IT Spending by Industry
IT investment by industry, BEA - IT Services Industry Growth 2026
Census revenue by service industry - IT Hourly Rates 2026
Hourly IT labor rates, GSA contracts - VoIP Statistics 2026
Business VoIP vs landlines, FCC - MSP Industry Statistics 2026
Jobs, wages, and firms, BLS QCEW - Federal IT Spending 2026
IT services contracts, USAspending - IT Services Firms by State
Census business patterns atlas - How Much Do MSPs Charge Per User?
Published MSP prices, 1,310 websites - VMware Price Increase Broadcom Timeline
Broadcom VMware changes and revenue, dated - Adobe Price Increase History
Every Adobe price change, vs inflation - Atlassian Price Increase History, 2019 to 2026
Every Atlassian price hike, dated - Zoom Price Increase 2026
Every Zoom price change since 2013
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