Data Centers by State: Virginia Holds 1 in 5 Mapped Sites, and Its Commercial Power Use Jumped 60% Since 2019
Data centers by state, counted from public data: Virginia has 239 of the 1,207 data center sites mapped in the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory’s Open Source Data Center Atlas, about 1 in 5, followed by Texas (117) and California (109). Virginia’s commercial electricity sales rose 60% from 2019 to 2025, against 10% nationally (EIA).
There is no official government count of data centers by state, and private trackers each use their own definitions. We combined three public sources and kept their numbers separate, because they measure different things:
Map: mapped data center sites by state
Data center sites in the PNNL Open Source Data Center Atlas, by state
01 to 45 to 1415 to 3940 to 99100+
Each hexagon is one state (equal size, not to scale). Atlas version of 9 February 2026, 1,474 mapped features merged into 1,207 sites. Hover for the Census establishment count.
The concentration is sharp. The top five states hold 636 sites, 53% of the national total, and Virginia alone has more mapped sites than Texas and California combined. By building footprint the lead is similar: Virginia has 41.8 million of the 191 million square feet of data center buildings traced in the atlas (22%). Five states have no mapped site at all. Our broader data center statistics report covers national electricity use and construction spending.
State league table
All 50 states and DC, ranked by mapped data center sites. Census and EIA columns are independent measures, so a state can rank high on one and low on another.
| # | State | Mapped sites | Mapped features | Building footprint (M sq ft) | NAICS 518210 establishments, 2023 | Employees, 2023 | Employee change, 2019 to 2023 | Average pay | Commercial power, 2025 (TWh) | Commercial power change, 2019 to 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Virginia | 239 | 319 | 41.78 | 641 | 33,404 | +39% | $145k | 86.6 | +60.5% |
| 2 | Texas | 117 | 127 | 18.89 | 1,412 | 56,290 | +9% | $124k | 174.7 | +23.0% |
| 3 | California | 109 | 112 | 7.29 | 2,698 | 123,859 | +33% | $211k | 114.2 | -0.1% |
| 4 | Oregon | 97 | 109 | 17.13 | 231 | 6,706 | +1% | $111k | 29.8 | +81.3% |
| 5 | Ohio | 74 | 91 | 15.37 | 633 | 14,692 | +7% | $112k | 57.7 | +25.5% |
| 6 | Arizona | 58 | 65 | 9.53 | 337 | 14,607 | +41% | $94k | 37.6 | +27.9% |
| 7 | Washington | 52 | 82 | 7.88 | 476 | 14,485 | -13% | $201k | 33.3 | +13.8% |
| 8 | New Jersey | 49 | 53 | 6.54 | 595 | 18,632 | +13% | $140k | 37.0 | -2.6% |
| 9 | Illinois | 44 | 50 | 7.32 | 627 | 21,934 | +2% | $120k | 46.4 | -5.9% |
| 10 | Iowa | 39 | 63 | 11.91 | 126 | 3,900 | -45% | $80k | 13.6 | +10.7% |
| 11 | Nevada | 36 | 38 | 5.24 | 204 | 3,419 | +13% | $104k | 14.3 | +22.1% |
| 12 | Georgia | 31 | 37 | 6.62 | 567 | 26,230 | +48% | $120k | 57.1 | +20.5% |
| 13 | Colorado | 20 | 20 | 1.46 | 554 | 17,689 | +4% | $135k | 20.9 | -0.8% |
| 14 | New York | 20 | 21 | 1.21 | 1,013 | 39,730 | +13% | $247k | 72.2 | -3.9% |
| 15 | Nebraska | 18 | 26 | 5.39 | 124 | 6,313 | +49% | $112k | 15.0 | +58.4% |
| 16 | North Carolina | 17 | 23 | 2.25 | 450 | 17,241 | +7% | $112k | 50.2 | +2.1% |
| 17 | Tennessee | 15 | 22 | 4.74 | 248 | 8,802 | +79% | $78k | 36.5 | +0.9% |
| 18 | Florida | 15 | 16 | 0.59 | 1,266 | 30,385 | +10% | $122k | 100.4 | +3.9% |
| 19 | Missouri | 13 | 15 | 1.50 | 265 | 7,389 | -21% | $101k | 30.4 | +0.8% |
| 20 | Maryland | 13 | 13 | 0.52 | 448 | 13,631 | +16% | $111k | 27.7 | -4.1% |
| 21 | Wisconsin | 13 | 13 | 0.17 | 186 | 5,998 | -22% | $94k | 23.7 | +0.8% |
| 22 | New Mexico | 11 | 16 | 3.32 | 77 | 943 | +22% | $92k | 9.4 | +3.9% |
| 23 | Utah | 10 | 15 | 2.77 | 268 | 9,239 | +9% | $122k | 14.8 | +24.4% |
| 24 | Michigan | 10 | 10 | 0.27 | 455 | 10,198 | -9% | $104k | 37.3 | -1.4% |
| 25 | Minnesota | 9 | 11 | 1.25 | 291 | 15,633 | +32% | $127k | 22.8 | -0.4% |
| 26 | Pennsylvania | 9 | 9 | 0.61 | 937 | 19,443 | +2% | $113k | 40.3 | +0.4% |
| 27 | Kansas | 7 | 7 | 0.57 | 146 | 3,679 | +3% | $118k | 16.2 | +2.1% |
| 28 | Alabama | 6 | 11 | 2.12 | 152 | 3,588 | -2% | $75k | 22.8 | -1.0% |
| 29 | Wyoming | 6 | 19 | 1.16 | 59 | 292 | -2% | $100k | 5.6 | +58.0% |
| 30 | Oklahoma | 6 | 6 | 0.55 | 161 | 3,296 | -20% | $77k | 27.3 | +36.1% |
| 31 | Connecticut | 5 | 5 | 0.28 | 211 | 4,962 | -10% | $142k | 11.6 | -4.3% |
| 32 | Indiana | 5 | 5 | 0.23 | 258 | 4,977 | -37% | $93k | 25.6 | +9.0% |
| 33 | Kentucky | 5 | 5 | 0.09 | 441 | 6,971 | -7% | $64k | 20.8 | +6.0% |
| 34 | South Carolina | 3 | 12 | 2.21 | 186 | 3,727 | -28% | $101k | 26.5 | +19.4% |
| 35 | Idaho | 3 | 5 | 0.71 | 108 | 2,002 | -28% | $101k | 7.1 | +10.1% |
| 36 | Massachusetts | 3 | 3 | 0.31 | 510 | 27,905 | +45% | $167k | 24.4 | -3.6% |
| 37 | New Hampshire | 3 | 3 | 0.05 | 94 | 3,418 | +17% | $139k | 4.2 | -1.2% |
| 38 | Mississippi | 2 | 2 | 0.81 | 74 | 1,621 | -16% | $62k | 14.4 | +0.9% |
| 39 | South Dakota | 2 | 2 | 0.30 | 53 | 425 | -14% | $72k | 5.5 | +12.2% |
| 40 | Maine | 2 | 2 | 0.06 | 64 | 1,840 | +22% | $83k | 4.1 | -1.9% |
| 41 | Arkansas | 2 | 2 | 0.04 | 129 | 6,131 | +19% | $90k | 11.9 | 0.0% |
| 42 | North Dakota | 2 | 2 | 0.03 | 32 | 234 | -53% | $67k | 11.5 | +63.3% |
| 43 | Montana | 2 | 2 | 0.01 | 58 | 701 | -16% | $83k | 5.1 | +3.5% |
| 44 | District of Columbia | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | 119 | 3,494 | +47% | $121k | 7.2 | -9.1% |
| 45 | Louisiana | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | 130 | 2,884 | +5% | $64k | 24.0 | -1.2% |
| 46 | West Virginia | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | 45 | 461 | -60% | $54k | 8.0 | +5.9% |
| 47 | Alaska | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 33 | 1,074 | +77% | $76k | 2.6 | -1.6% |
| 48 | Delaware | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 206 | 1,743 | +81% | $157k | 4.3 | -3.2% |
| 49 | Hawaii | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 59 | 528 | -18% | $98k | 2.8 | -7.6% |
| 50 | Rhode Island | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 46 | 488 | +1% | $96k | 3.7 | +0.2% |
| 51 | Vermont | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 41 | 2,294 | -22% | $165k | 2.0 | +2.9% |
Mapped features counts every point, building, and campus object in the atlas; mapped sites removes buildings and points that fall inside a mapped campus (and points inside a mapped building). Employment is mid-March. Average pay is annual payroll divided by employees.
The top five data center states
Virginia
239 mapped sites (19.8% of US)
- Building footprint mapped
- 41.8M sq ft
- Top county
- Loudoun County (144)
- Most-mapped operators
- Amazon Web Services (73), Equinix (17), Digital Realty (16)
- NAICS 518210, 2023
- 641 est., 33,404 jobs
- Commercial power, 2019 to 2025
- 54.0 to 86.6 TWh (+60.5%)
- Jan to Jul 2026 vs 2025
- +6.6%
Texas
117 mapped sites (9.7% of US)
- Building footprint mapped
- 18.9M sq ft
- Top county
- Bexar County (28)
- Most-mapped operators
- Microsoft (8), Digital Realty (7), CyrusOne (5)
- NAICS 518210, 2023
- 1,412 est., 56,290 jobs
- Commercial power, 2019 to 2025
- 142.0 to 174.7 TWh (+23.0%)
- Jan to Jul 2026 vs 2025
- +7.0%
California
109 mapped sites (9.0% of US)
- Building footprint mapped
- 7.3M sq ft
- Top county
- Santa Clara County (74)
- Most-mapped operators
- Digital Realty (14), Equinix (13), CoreSite (8)
- NAICS 518210, 2023
- 2,698 est., 123,859 jobs
- Commercial power, 2019 to 2025
- 114.3 to 114.2 TWh (-0.1%)
- Jan to Jul 2026 vs 2025
- -1.3%
Oregon
97 mapped sites (8.0% of US)
- Building footprint mapped
- 17.1M sq ft
- Top county
- Umatilla County (31)
- Most-mapped operators
- Amazon Web Services (51), Quality Technology Services (7), Flexential (7)
- NAICS 518210, 2023
- 231 est., 6,706 jobs
- Commercial power, 2019 to 2025
- 16.4 to 29.8 TWh (+81.3%)
- Jan to Jul 2026 vs 2025
- +5.7%
Ohio
74 mapped sites (6.1% of US)
- Building footprint mapped
- 15.4M sq ft
- Top county
- Licking County (25)
- Most-mapped operators
- Amazon Web Services (32), Meta (5), Quality Technology Services (4)
- NAICS 518210, 2023
- 633 est., 14,692 jobs
- Commercial power, 2019 to 2025
- 46.0 to 57.7 TWh (+25.5%)
- Jan to Jul 2026 vs 2025
- +15.3%
Operators are as tagged in OpenStreetMap and counted by site. January to July 2026 comparison uses preliminary EIA-861M monthly commercial sales.
Where commercial electricity demand grew
EIA does not publish data center electricity use by state, but data center load shows up in commercial retail sales. From 2019 to 2025, US commercial sales rose 142 TWh. Texas (+32.7 TWh) and Virginia (+32.6 TWh) added almost the same amount, and together they account for 42% of the growth in the 32 states where commercial sales increased. Five states grew 50% or more: Oregon (+81%), North Dakota (+63%), Virginia (+60%), Nebraska (+58%), Wyoming (+58%).
Largest increases in commercial electricity sales, 2019 to 2025
EIA-861 annual retail sales, commercial sector, all providers. 2025 values from the file updated 7 October 2026.
Mapped data centers and power growth line up only loosely. Across all states, the rank correlation between mapped sites and percentage growth in commercial sales is 0.35. North Dakota is the clearest outlier: commercial sales up 63% with only 2 mapped sites. EIA has attributed North Dakota’s growth to large computing facilities, which OpenStreetMap barely records. In the other direction, California has 109 mapped sites, yet its commercial sales were essentially flat (-0.1%).
Facilities are not establishments
The Census industry count tells a different story from the map. California has 2,698 NAICS 518210 establishments and 20% of the industry’s 629,527 employees, but only 9% of mapped sites. Virginia ranks 4th for industry employment. Industry jobs follow company offices. Facility siting follows other factors, which EIA describes for Virginia as fiber connectivity, land availability, and power infrastructure. For the full Census picture of IT businesses, see our IT services firms by state atlas.
Share of US mapped sites vs share of NAICS 518210 employees, top 10 states by sites
share of mapped data center sites share of NAICS 518210 employees (2023)
Counties with the most data centers
| # | County | State | Mapped sites |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Loudoun County | Virginia | 144 |
| 2 | Santa Clara County | California | 74 |
| 3 | Maricopa County | Arizona | 56 |
| 4 | Prince William County | Virginia | 55 |
| 5 | Umatilla County | Oregon | 31 |
| 6 | Bexar County | Texas | 28 |
| 7 | Morrow County | Oregon | 28 |
| 8 | Cook County | Illinois | 26 |
| 9 | Washington County | Oregon | 26 |
| 10 | Fairfax County | Virginia | 26 |
The largest mapped data center campuses
Ranked by the land area of the campus outline in OpenStreetMap. Meta and Google operate most of the named campuses on this list. None of the ten is in Virginia, even though it has 31 mapped campuses. Campus land area measures the site, not its power capacity.
| # | Name in OSM | Operator | Location | Acres |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Google Montgomery Data Center | Google LLC | Montgomery County, TN | 611 |
| 2 | Altoona Meta Data Center | Meta | Polk County, IA | 610 |
| 3 | Meta Eagle Mountain Data Center | Utah County, UT | 522 | |
| 4 | Google Data Center | Franklin County, OH | 521 | |
| 5 | Meta Los Lunas Data Center | Meta | Valencia County, NM | 501 |
| 6 | Meta Bowling Green Data Center | Wood County, OH | 494 | |
| 7 | (no name in OSM) | Douglas County, NE | 492 | |
| 8 | Meta Beaver Dam Data Center | Meta | Dodge County, WI | 419 |
| 9 | Meta Prineville Datacenter | Meta | Crook County, OR | 399 |
| 10 | Gallatin Data Center | Meta | Sumner County, TN | 391 |
What this means for MSPs
For MSPs choosing colocation, the map is a shortlist: Virginia, Texas, California, Oregon, Ohio, Arizona, Washington, and New Jersey have the most mapped sites. Check the power story before you sign. In states where commercial load has grown fastest, such as Virginia and Oregon, ask a provider how much utility power is contracted for its expansion and when it arrives. For staffing, the Census numbers point somewhere else: hosting and infrastructure jobs are concentrated in California, Texas, New York, and Virginia, where MSPs recruit against large employers. If a client asks whether its state “has data centers”, the answer from the Census data is yes in every state, but mapped data center supply is concentrated in a short list.
Frequently asked questions
What US state has the most data centers?
Virginia. It has 239 of the 1,207 data center sites mapped in PNNL’s Open Source Data Center Atlas (20%), and 22% of all mapped data center building footprint. Texas (117), California (109), Oregon (97), and Ohio (74) follow.
Do all 50 states have data centers?
Every state and DC has establishments in the Census hosting and data processing industry (NAICS 518210); the smallest count in 2023 was 32. In the OpenStreetMap-based PNNL atlas, five states (Alaska, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, Vermont) have no mapped data center yet, which reflects mapping coverage rather than proof that none exist.
What are the largest data centers in the US by land area?
Among campuses mapped in the PNNL atlas, the largest outlines are Google Montgomery Data Center in Tennessee (611 acres), Altoona Meta Data Center in Iowa (610 acres), and Meta Eagle Mountain Data Center in Utah (522 acres). Land area is not the same as power capacity.
Which states use the most electricity for data centers?
No federal series reports data center electricity by state. The closest signal is commercial electricity sales: from 2019 to 2025, Texas added 32.7 TWh and Virginia 32.6 TWh, together 42% of all growth in states where commercial sales rose. Oregon grew fastest in percentage terms, up 81%.
How many data center companies are there in each state?
Census counted 18,544 establishments in NAICS 518210 in 2023. California had the most (2,698), followed by Texas (1,412). Establishments are business locations, including offices, not data center buildings.
Methodology
Mapped sites. PNNL IM3 Open Source Data Center Atlas, version v2026.02.09 (doi:10.57931/3017294), GeoPackage downloaded from the atlas repository in October 2026. The atlas has three layers derived from OpenStreetMap: 132 campuses, 1,237 buildings, and 105 points (1,474 unique features). Because a campus and its buildings can both appear, we counted each campus once, dropped 255 buildings whose centroid falls inside a mapped campus, and dropped 12 points inside a mapped campus or building, leaving 1,207 sites. Buildings on a campus that has no campus outline still count separately, so the site count leans toward a building count in states mapped building by building. Building footprint sums the building layer’s polygon area (one floor, not total floor space). OpenStreetMap is crowd-sourced and incomplete.
Establishments. U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, state files 2019 to 2023, NAICS 518210 (computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services), all legal forms. No state values were suppressed; Census noise flags (G low, H medium, J high) are in the CSV.
Electricity. U.S. Energy Information Administration, EIA-861 historical state retail sales (file updated 7 October 2026), commercial sector, total electric industry. Latest-month comparison uses EIA-861M (preliminary) through July 2026. Commercial sales include all commercial customers, and EIA does not identify which customers are data centers, so this is a proxy.
Limitations. None of these sources is a complete count of data centers. Use the mapped site count for the geography of physical facilities, the Census count for the industry’s business footprint, and EIA sales for the power trend.
Cite as:The Uptime Report. "Data Centers by State: Virginia Holds 1 in 5 Mapped Sites, and Its Commercial Power Use Jumped 60% Since 2019." October 2026. https://theuptimereport.com/data-centers-by-state-2026/
References
- Mongird, K. et al., IM3 Open Source Data Center Atlas, v2026.02.09, MSD-LIVE Data Repository (doi:10.57931/3017294). Accessed October 2026.
- IMMM-SFA, datacenter-atlas repository (im3_us_data_center_locations.gpkg). Accessed October 2026.
- U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns datasets, 2019 to 2023. Accessed October 2026.
- U.S. Energy Information Administration, State electricity data, EIA-861 historical retail sales by state. Accessed October 2026.
- U.S. Energy Information Administration, EIA-861M monthly sales and revenue. Accessed October 2026.
- EIA, Commercial electricity demand grew fastest in states with rapid computing facility growth (June 28, 2024). Accessed October 2026.
- EIA, Commercial electricity sales have soared in Virginia, driven by data centers (May 5, 2026). Accessed October 2026.
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