Solutions Architect vs Software Engineer Salary: Engineers Lead at Every Wage Level, by $30,650 at the Top
Solutions architect vs software engineer salary, as of the newest Labor Department file (decisions through June 30, 2026): software engineer titles show a $157,123 median on H-1B filings against $151,700 for solutions architects. Engineers lead at all four wage levels, by $30,650 at Level IV. At the same level, metro and employer, the gap shrinks to 3.1%.
Median offered base wage, certified full-time H-1B filings decided July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026: 73,829 software engineer and 3,125 solutions architect. The climb compares different filings at each level, not one person’s career. The Level IV lead is widest at technology vendors, and at consulting firms and end customers architects lead as filed.
The raw gap hides a wider one
As filed, the median gap is $5,423, or 3.6%. That understates how far apart the two titles are at the same level, because architects are filed higher up: 62% of solutions architect filings are Level III or IV against 34% for software engineers. Hold the level fixed and the gap widens to 11.4%. Architects also cluster in lower-wage metros, so holding metro fixed too brings it back to 2.3%. Comparing within the same level, metro and employer gives -3.1% (-5.5% to -0.7%).
| Solutions architect vs software engineer | Gap | 95% interval | Filings compared | Of which architects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| As filed | -4.7% | -10.0% to +0.9% | 76,954 | 3,125 |
| Same wage level | -11.4% | -16.1% to -6.4% | 76,954 | 3,125 |
| Same level and metro | -2.3% | -5.2% to +0.7% | 72,076 | 3,090 |
| Same level, metro and employer type | -1.2% | -2.9% to +0.5% | 67,666 | 3,035 |
| Same level, metro and employer | -3.1% | -5.5% to -0.7% | 15,733 | 1,148 |
| Same employer only | +5.8% | +2.9% to +8.8% | 31,012 | 2,265 |
| Same metro only | +7.1% | +3.9% to +10.5% | 75,981 | 3,117 |
The fully matched figure rests on 15,733 filings at 216 employers, including 1,148 architects, and it is not sturdy on its own. Amazon supplies 502 of those architects. Without Amazon it is -1.4% (-4.8% to 2.1%), an interval that includes zero. Among filings coded 15-1252 only, it is -2.9% (-7.1% to 1.5%). Technology vendors supply 14,069 of the 15,733 filings, so this row mostly describes them. Other methods shrink it further. With level, metro and employer as separate additive controls, which keeps 76,908 filings, the gap is -0.6% (classical interval -1.2% to 0.0%). The weighted median gap across the 117 level and metro cells with at least 5 of each title is -0.2%, against -2.3% for the log measure in the table. A fair reading: matched on all three, the architect title carries between about the same base and 3% less across all employers, a few percent less at technology vendors, and about the same or slightly more elsewhere, as the employer section below shows.
The climb from Level I to Level IV
The Labor Department describes Level I as “beginning level employees who have only a basic understanding of the occupation” and Level IV as “competent employees who have sufficient experience in the occupation to plan and conduct work requiring judgment.” Software engineer offers climb $65,600 across those rungs (51%), and solutions architect offers climb $45,700 (39%). The lead is $10,750 at Level I, $19,217 at Level II, $9,100 at Level III and $30,650 at Level IV. Only 94 solutions architect filings are Level I, or 3%, and 37% are Level IV, against 13% and 16% for software engineers. Our entry level DevOps engineer salary report shows how the Level I rung behaves for another title.
| Level | Architect median | Filings (share) | Engineer median | Filings (share) | Engineer lead | Prevailing wage, architect / engineer | Same metro, employer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level I | $118,250 | 94 (3%) | $129,000 | 9,295 (13%) | $10,750 | $90,896 / $103,210 | -4.1% |
| Level II | $126,095 | 840 (27%) | $145,312 | 25,702 (35%) | $19,217 | $109,283 / $127,878 | -3.6% |
| Level III | $154,500 | 811 (26%) | $163,600 | 13,644 (18%) | $9,100 | $130,707 / $152,880 | -3.8% |
| Level IV | $163,950 | 1,142 (37%) | $194,600 | 11,589 (16%) | $30,650 | $149,718 / $177,861 | -2.7% |
One caution on matching levels: a level sets a wage floor within an occupation code, and the codes differ. Architect filings often use lower-paid codes, so the median prevailing wage at Level II is $109,283 for architects and $127,878 for engineers. To test that, we kept only filings coded 15-1252. The same-level gap shrinks from 11.4% to 8.4%, and it stays at Level IV: $165,259 vs $200,000.
Where you work decides which title leads
This is the split that the averages hide. At consulting and staffing firms the architect median is $138,600 and the engineer median $119,787. At end customers it is $156,125 and $143,765. Only at technology vendors do engineers lead as filed, $179,000 to $166,500, and vendors file 52% of software engineer titles against 31% of architect titles. Consulting and staffing firms file 50% of architect titles. Much of the architect lead outside vendors comes from seniority: at the same level it turns into a 3.1% deficit at consulting firms and 3.1% at end customers. Matching the employer as well moves it back. Within the same level, metro and employer, the architect gap is +2.0% at consulting firms (-2.7% to 6.9%) and +5.7% at end customers (2.7% to 8.9%), on fewer than 900 filings each. At technology vendors it is -5.8% (-7.5% to -4.0%). Level IV shows the same split: the engineer lead is $35,310 at vendors, $12,838 at consulting firms and $3,550 at end customers.
Blue: solutions architect. Navy: software engineer. Hollow points have fewer than 10 filings (end customers file only 7 architects at Level I). Same dollar scale on each panel. End labels show Level IV.
| Employer type | Architect median | Filings | Engineer median | Filings | As filed | Same level | Same level, metro | Same employer too (filings) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consulting and staffing | $138,600 | 1,571 | $119,787 | 17,126 | +8.9% | -3.1% | -0.6% | +2.0% (793) |
| End customer | $156,125 | 583 | $143,765 | 18,270 | +6.2% | -3.1% | +0.3% | +5.7% (856) |
| Tech vendor | $166,500 | 971 | $179,000 | 38,433 | -5.6% | -11.6% | -2.9% | -5.8% (14,069) |
Gap columns are the solutions architect’s log wage gap with software engineer. Above zero means the architect’s offer is higher.
Amazon, Microsoft and the named employers
Amazon files 17% of all solutions architect titles here, and its grades allow a nearly direct comparison. As filed, Amazon’s architects look ahead ($170,000 vs $165,300), because its engineer filings skew to Levels I and II. Grade by grade, engineers lead.
Amazon, grade by grade
| Grade | Solutions architect | n | Software dev. engineer | n | Engineer lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | $121,500 | 42 | $129,000 | 2,752 | $7,500 |
| II | $154,650 | 194 | $171,800 | 5,476 | $17,150 |
| III | $183,000 | 259 | $206,200 | 1,523 | $23,200 |
Testing a recruiter’s claim
KORE1’s guide says a senior solutions architect “at AWS or Microsoft will out-earn an equivalent-level software engineer there by 10% to 15%,” with no source. On base offers, the filings point the other way. At Amazon, architects sit 7.2% lower at the same level and 4.9% lower at the same level and metro; at Level IV the medians are $201,111 (87) and $216,260 (309). At Microsoft they sit 11.4% and 8.1% lower on 55 architect filings. This tests base only. Bonus and stock could change the result.
Employers filing both titles
At least 8 filings of each. Not level-matched. Architects are higher at 14 of these 23 employers and lower at 8. Table shows the 14 with the most architect filings.
| Employer | Architect median | Filings | Engineer median | Filings | Architect vs engineer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon | $170,000 | 541 | $165,300 | 9,863 | +2.8% |
| Wipro | $113,726 | 143 | $130,853 | 11 | -13.1% |
| Deloitte | $145,400 | 137 | $129,704 | 42 | +12.1% |
| Capgemini | $155,250 | 89 | $131,997 | 117 | +17.6% |
| Databricks | $156,998 | 83 | $153,821 | 269 | +2.1% |
| Microsoft | $177,810 | 55 | $178,000 | 4,306 | -0.1% |
| Nvidia | $184,000 | 37 | $202,733 | 453 | -9.2% |
| HCL | $157,560 | 35 | $119,662 | 43 | +31.7% |
| Tech Mahindra | $107,475 | 28 | $112,924 | 40 | -4.8% |
| UST Global | $140,515 | 27 | $110,240 | 251 | +27.5% |
| IBM | $194,551 | 22 | $190,000 | 49 | +2.4% |
| Globallogic | $113,797 | 18 | $113,235 | 172 | +0.5% |
| Salesforce | $188,992 | 17 | $207,750 | 1,076 | -9.0% |
| Snowflake | $134,976 | 14 | $180,040 | 302 | -25.0% |
Pick a level and compare metros
Seattle, San Jose and San Francisco hold 15% of architect filings with a metro and 47% of engineer filings, while Dallas holds 15% and 7%. The gap changes sharply by market: in Dallas architects show +18.9% as filed and +2.9% at the same level, while in San Jose they show -3.1% and -12.9%, and in Seattle -6.2% and -12.0%.
Median offered base wage, filing counts in brackets. The 14 metros with the most architect filings. Bars share one scale, and metros with under 5 filings on one side show counts only.
| Metro | Architect median | Filings | Engineer median | Filings | Median gap | Same level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dallas, TX | $147,710 | 474 | $124,200 | 5,251 | +18.9% | +2.9% |
| New York, NY | $162,012 | 304 | $160,818 | 5,340 | +0.7% | -8.4% |
| Atlanta, GA | $145,105 | 183 | $130,707 | 2,045 | +11.0% | +0.4% |
| Seattle, WA | $163,711 | 170 | $174,506 | 13,940 | -6.2% | -12.0% |
| San Francisco, CA | $178,084 | 158 | $194,602 | 7,032 | -8.5% | -10.7% |
| Austin, TX | $140,000 | 143 | $143,700 | 3,067 | -2.6% | -3.1% |
| Chicago, IL | $146,688 | 134 | $130,707 | 1,266 | +12.2% | +2.2% |
| San Jose, CA | $186,056 | 131 | $192,000 | 13,412 | -3.1% | -12.9% |
| Washington, DC | $153,600 | 104 | $143,700 | 1,402 | +6.9% | +0.4% |
| Orlando, FL | $143,062 | 100 | $103,000 | 145 | +38.9% | +4.3% |
| Houston, TX | $138,445 | 91 | $117,000 | 707 | +18.3% | +2.8% |
| Los Angeles, CA | $160,000 | 69 | $157,123 | 1,085 | +1.8% | -6.2% |
| Philadelphia, PA | $142,771 | 69 | $124,800 | 666 | +14.4% | +3.8% |
| Boston, MA | $157,620 | 63 | $154,606 | 1,820 | +1.9% | -4.9% |
| Raleigh, NC | $150,521 | 63 | $132,038 | 746 | +14.0% | +0.6% |
| Phoenix, AZ | $141,202 | 58 | $128,938 | 1,128 | +9.5% | -2.3% |
| Charlotte, NC | $146,495 | 56 | $133,536 | 1,361 | +9.7% | +4.8% |
| Detroit, MI | $140,000 | 54 | $125,362 | 1,105 | +11.7% | +1.1% |
What is higher than a solution architect?
By pay, these are the architect titles above the plain one, ranked by median offer. Blue bars are solutions titles and light bars are other architect titles. The right-hand number is the filing count. Staff has only 25 filings and distinguished only 14, so read those two loosely. Filings show pay, not reporting lines, and a manager title may not rank above a principal one at a given employer.
Seniority words in titles are a looser match than wage levels, and they tell a different story. Software engineer filings with “senior” have a lower median than plain ones, because plain titles include grades at the largest filers that use no seniority word. Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Meta, Apple, Walmart and Salesforce file 48% of plain titles and 6% of senior ones. Without those seven, plain titles have a $131,118 median and senior titles $152,500. Software developer titles, which Google Autocomplete pairs with this query, sit at $112,923 on 19,927 filings, far below both.
| Word in the title | Architect median | Filings | Engineer median | Filings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No seniority word | $148,400 | 2,425 | $158,100 | 52,344 |
| Senior | $158,974 | 421 | $152,131 | 13,000 |
| Lead | $162,262 | 74 | $151,930 | 2,293 |
| Staff | $194,361 | 25 | $189,000 | 3,206 |
| Principal | $182,304 | 162 | $165,200 | 2,135 |
Five years of filings
Both medians rose by about a fifth in four years: architects 21.2% from $125,200, and engineers 20.9% from $130,010. In the latest year engineers rose 4.7% and architects 1.3%. The engineer lead at Level IV, $30,650, is the widest of the five years. The same-level gap has stayed between -11.4% and -10.0% throughout, so this is a stable gap and not a recent shift.
| Period | Architect median | Filings | Engineer median | Filings | As filed | Same level | Same level, metro, employer | Level IV engineer lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year ending Jun 2022 | $125,200 | 4,007 | $130,010 | 85,892 | -3.7% | -10.0% | -1.7% | $22,546 |
| Year ending Jun 2023 | $133,390 | 3,446 | $136,620 | 69,887 | -5.0% | -10.4% | -3.0% | $25,000 |
| Year ending Jun 2024 | $132,829 | 3,461 | $140,000 | 72,390 | -6.4% | -11.0% | -4.0% | $14,370 |
| Year ending Jun 2025 | $149,781 | 3,699 | $150,000 | 82,626 | -3.6% | -10.0% | -3.2% | $26,446 |
| Year ending Jun 2026 | $151,700 | 3,125 | $157,123 | 73,829 | -4.7% | -11.4% | -3.1% | $30,650 |
By quarter, with the H-1B rule changes
Between the April to June seasons of 2025 and 2026, architect filings moved -7% and engineer filings +10%. The dates sit alongside those counts, and this data does not separate the effect of any one rule. After the window closed, a September 2026 proclamation extended the $100,000 payment to September 21, 2027 (91 FR 60497), and on August 25, 2026 DHS proposed a $103,265 fee on cap-subject petitions (91 FR 54817). A Federal Register search on November 5, 2026 found no final rule from the DOL wage proposal.
| Decided | Architect filings | Architect median | Engineer filings | Engineer median | Dated event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct to Dec 2024 | 896 | $150,000 | 16,123 | $153,831 | |
| Jan to Mar 2025 | 825 | $152,000 | 21,324 | $155,605 | |
| Apr to Jun 2025 | 1,089 | $141,000 | 28,402 | $137,500 | Last cap season under the unweighted H-1B lottery. |
| Jul to Sep 2025 | 802 | $149,950 | 14,166 | $154,606 | Sept. 21, 2025: Proclamation 10973 takes effect, a $100,000 payment on certain new petitions (90 FR 46027). |
| Oct to Dec 2025 | 576 | $152,166 | 11,532 | $157,581 | Dec. 29, 2025: DHS publishes weighted selection by wage level (90 FR 60864). |
| Jan to Mar 2026 | 733 | $150,800 | 16,902 | $158,897 | Feb. 27, 2026: weighted selection takes effect. Mar. 27, 2026: DOL proposes higher wage levels (91 FR 15454). |
| Apr to Jun 2026 | 1,014 | $153,500 | 31,229 | $157,500 | First cap season under the weighted draw. |
Why BLS cannot answer this
The Bureau of Labor Statistics has no solutions architect occupation: its 2018 SOC direct-match file (6,520 titles) lists “Software Engineer” under 15-1252 and 0 entries for solutions architect. Filers split the title across several codes. 51% of architect filings use 15-1252, the code that holds 92% of software engineer filings, and 26% use the catch-all 15-1299. Since BLS publishes one wage per code, its $135,980 May 2025 median for 15-1252 covers both titles in that code, and $116,580 for 15-1299 mixes architects with every other uncategorized computer job. For BLS pay by metro, see our software engineer salary report.
| SOC code | BLS occupation | Architect filings | Engineer filings | BLS median, May 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15-1252 | Software Developers | 51.3% | 92.4% | $135,980 |
| 15-1299 | Computer Occupations, All Other | 25.7% | 1.4% | $116,580 |
| 15-1241 | Computer Network Architects | 4.2% | 0.0% | $134,050 |
| 15-1243 | Database Architects | 3.9% | 0.2% | $139,500 |
| 15-1211 | Computer Systems Analysts | 2.4% | 0.3% | $105,850 |
What the published comparisons say
Google’s top results are forum threads on Reddit, Blind and Quora, plus blogs. We read the pages below. None holds level, metro and employer fixed, and each uses different pay measures, so their figures do not line up with each other or with ours. Levels.fyi reports total pay and InterviewPal does not define its figure. These filings show base offers only.
| Source | Solutions architect | Software engineer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| This report, H-1B filings, July 2025 to June 2026 (median base offer) | $151,700 | $157,123 | Level, metro and employer held fixed: -3.1% |
| InterviewPal, January 2026 (“typical pay”) | $213K | $216K | Three seniority tiers, undefined. No metro or employer match. Its senior tier shows $228K vs $285K, under a page section headed “Why Solution Architects Often Earn More” |
| Levels.fyi, self-reported, updated Nov. 4, 2026 | $220,000 total, $180,000 base (1,191 reports) | Not on that page | Base runs $28,300 above our filing median. The two samples differ |
| KORE1, recruiter, July 2026 | $128K to $185K base | No figure given | Says “roughly equivalent on base, sometimes 5% to 10% higher” for seniors, with no source |
| Institute of Data, February 2024 | “around $120,000” | “$155,00” (as printed) | Unnamed source for the architect figure. No breakdown |
What this means for MSPs
If you staff projects, an architect title alone should move a base offer very little. Inside the same consulting employer, level and metro the gap is +2.0% (-2.7% to 6.9%). In consulting and staffing filings, the group closest to MSP labor in this data, Level II medians are identical at $112,923 for both titles, and Level III is $138,688 for architects and $135,200 for engineers. The $18,813 as-filed architect lead in that group reflects a filing mix where 57% of architects are Level III or IV. Level IV is where engineer offers pull ahead in that group: $171,000 vs $158,162 for architects. 6% of architect titles name a product such as SAP or Salesforce, at a $144,405 median, and 3% name a cloud, at $154,669. Our cloud architect vs cloud engineer salary report covers that second group. Only 46 of these filings carry NAICS 541513 (computer facilities management), so we did not publish an MSP-only figure. Our H-1B statistics report covers the lottery behind these filings.
Frequently asked questions
Who earns more, a software engineer or an architect?
In these filings a software engineer title has a $157,123 median against $151,700 for solutions architects, $141,440 for software architects (587 filings), $128,543 for technical architects and $159,103 for enterprise architects (200). Building architects, SOC 17-1011, have an $82,014 median on 1,399 H-1B filings.
Is solution architect a high paying job?
Yes, by these measures. The $151,700 median beats 68% of all 483,507 certified full-time H-1B filings in the window, whose median is $126,845. The middle half of solutions architect offers runs from $129,042 to $175,000. These are H-1B base offers only, so they are not the pay of all solutions architects.
What is higher than a solution architect?
By pay, the title ladder in these filings runs from $148,400 for a solutions architect with no seniority word to $158,974 for senior, $182,304 for principal and $190,000 for chief architect. Filings show offers, not reporting lines, so this ranks pay rather than the org chart.
Will AI replace solution architect?
This data cannot answer that, because filings record offers and not tasks. What it shows: solutions architect filings fell 15.5% in the latest year to 3,125, software engineer filings fell 10.6%, and all H-1B filings fell 7.2%. H-1B rules changed in the same period. Titles naming AI were 51 of the 3,125, against 2 of 4,007 in the year to June 2022.
Do solutions architects earn more than senior software engineers?
It depends on the title match. A plain solutions architect title has a $148,400 median against $152,131 for senior software engineer titles, while senior solutions architect titles have $158,974. Seniority words vary widely by employer, so the wage level is the better match, and there engineers lead at all four levels.
Is a solutions architect paid more than a software engineer at Amazon?
Not at the same grade. Amazon’s plain grade II titles have medians of $154,650 for solutions architects and $171,800 for software development engineers, and grade III titles $183,000 and $206,200. Stock is not in these filings.
Methodology
Source. U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Foreign Labor Certification, LCA Disclosure Data, FY2021 Q4 to FY2025 Q4 by quarter and FY2026 Q3 (October 2025 to June 2026). On November 5, 2026, the Labor Department’s page listed FY2026 Q3 as the newest file. Public domain. The download is a cell-level table (window, title, level, employer type, metro) to keep the file small.
Filters. VISA_CLASS H-1B, deduplicated by CASE_NUMBER (later file wins), CASE_STATUS Certified, FULL_TIME_POSITION Y, annualized wage from $30,000 to $1,000,000. Headline window: decision dates from July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026. Filings with no wage level (8% of architects, 18% of engineers) are left out of level tables and form their own cell in controlled rows. Dropping them gives -3.5% on the fully matched row.
Wage. WAGE_RATE_OF_PAY_FROM, annualized: Hour x 2,080, Week x 52, Bi-Weekly x 26, Month x 12. Where a range was filed (26% of architects, 31% of engineers) we use the bottom. Range midpoints give $156,302 vs $165,000. Exact titles only: SOLUTION(S) ARCHITECT $141,107 (935) vs SOFTWARE ENGINEER $149,365 (24,549).
Title rules. Titles are upper-cased and cleaned. Excluded from both families: \b(MANAGER|MGR|DIRECTOR|HEAD|VICE PRESIDENT|VP|CHIEF|OWNER|ANALYST|PRODUCT|PROGRAM|INTERN|TEST|TESTER|TESTING|SDET|QA|QUALITY|SUPPORT|SALES|PRE-?SALES|FIELD|VALIDATION|VERIFICATION|PROFESSOR|TEACHER)\b. Solutions architect: \bSOLUTIONS? ARCHITECT(URE|S)?\b. Software engineer: \b((SOFTWARE|SW) (DEV(ELOPMENT)? )?ENGINEER(S|ING)?|ENGINEER,? SOFTWARE|SDE|SWE)\b with no ARCHITECT in the title. Software developer titles are a separate family, so Microsoft’s filings titled SOFTWARE ENGINEERING and Amazon’s SOFTWARE DEV ENGINEER count as engineers, and SOFTWARE DEVELOPER does not.
Precision. The AI research agent that built this page read a fresh random sample of 100 titles per family (seed 20261105) from the headline window, from the title text alone. No human reviewed the labels. Correct: 100 of 100 solutions architect and 99 of 100 software engineer. The one miss was a mixed administrator and engineer title. 9 of the 100 architect titles name a product or specialty such as SAP or ServiceNow and still count as correct. Recall was not measured: 17,380 other filings in the window mention software and match no family (mostly managers, test and quality titles), and titles such as member of technical staff are not captured.
Gaps. Each gap is the difference in average log wage between the two titles inside cells of the listed controls, using only cells that hold both titles, with standard errors clustered by employer parent. Percentages are converted from logs, so they differ from median gaps. Single-employer tests use classical errors. Employer parents use a short list of name merges, otherwise a cleaned legal name. Employer types use a short name list first, then NAICS: 5415, 5416, 5412 and 5613 are consulting and staffing; 5182, 5112, 5132, 5191, 5192, 5179, 3341, 3342 and 3344 are technology vendors; the rest are end customers. An earlier read of employer names on 200 random filings for our cloud architect report found the rule right on 169, wrong on 24 and unclear on 7, so treat employer-type splits as approximate. Metro comes from WORKSITE_COUNTY and state mapped to BLS May 2025 areas, with city and state as a fallback; 100% of filings resolved to a metro area. These comparisons are descriptive, not causal.
Limits. H-1B positions only, which are not all solutions architects or software engineers. Base wage only, with no equity, bonus, commission or benefits, so a total pay gap could differ from everything on this page. An offer on a certified filing is not a wage paid, and a filing may lead to no hire. Filings include renewals: 14% of architect and 29% of engineer filings list a new employment slot. The H-1B wage floor cuts off the low end. The employer chooses the wage level and it describes the job, not a person’s experience, and the climb compares different filings, not careers. Titles do not prove the work differs, since duties are not in the file. Not advice: these are labor market statistics, not a compensation recommendation.
Cite as:The Uptime Report. "Solutions Architect vs Software Engineer Salary: Engineers Lead at Every Wage Level, by $30,650 at the Top." November 2026. https://theuptimereport.com/solutions-architect-vs-software-engineer-salary/
References
- U.S. Department of Labor, OFLC Performance Data: LCA Disclosure Data FY2021 to FY2026 Q3, with record layout. Accessed November 2026.
- U.S. Department of Labor, Prevailing Wage Determination Policy Guidance (revised November 2009). Accessed November 2026.
- U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division, Fact Sheet 62G: Must an H-1B worker be paid a guaranteed wage? Accessed November 2026.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, OEWS May 2025 national estimates. Accessed November 2026.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2018 SOC direct match title file. Accessed November 2026.
- Proclamation 10973, Restriction on Entry of Certain Nonimmigrant Workers, 90 FR 46027. Accessed November 2026.
- Proclamation 11069, Restriction on Entry of Certain Nonimmigrant Workers, 91 FR 60497. Accessed November 2026.
- DHS, Weighted Selection Process final rule, 90 FR 60864. Accessed November 2026.
- DOL, Improving Wage Protections, proposed rule, 91 FR 15454. Accessed November 2026.
- DHS, Fee for Certain H-1B Petitions, proposed rule, 91 FR 54817. Accessed November 2026.
- InterviewPal, Solution Architect vs Software Engineer Salary (2026). Accessed November 2026.
- Levels.fyi, Solution Architect Salary. Accessed November 2026.
- KORE1, Solutions Architect Salary Guide 2026. Accessed November 2026.
- Institute of Data, The Differences Between a Solutions Architect vs Software Engineer. Accessed November 2026.
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Four phishing measures, one evidence board - Patch Tuesday Statistics 2026
Every Microsoft CVE since 2021 - Disaster Declarations by State
FEMA data for continuity planning - Data Breach Statistics 2026
980 breaches in Have I Been Pwned - Ransomware Initial Access Vectors
CISA advisories coded by entry technique - CVE Statistics 2026
Vulnerabilities published per year, NIST NVD - How Long Do Companies Take to Report a Data Breach?
1,675 Washington notices - Known Exploited Vulnerabilities
The CISA KEV catalog analyzed - Healthcare Data Breach Report 2026
HHS OCR breach portal scorecard - Ransomware Reported to the FBI
Five-year IC3 trend - ConnectWise ScreenConnect Vulnerabilities
ScreenConnect CVEs dated, with version lookup - SonicWall Vulnerabilities 2026
SonicWall CVEs by product line and KEV year - Dental Practice Data Breaches 2026
Every 2026 dental breach on the HHS portal - Apple Zero Days 2026 List
Every Apple-flagged CVE, with KEV dates - Android Zero Days 2026
Android flags by layer, OEM patch lag - Auto Dealership Data Breach 2026 Tracker
Dealer and vendor breaches by state filing - Law Firm Data Breaches 2026
Every law firm AG notice, sized and dated - Accounting Firm Data Breach 2026
CPA breach notices against the tax calendar - Bank DMARC Adoption 2026
DMARC at 4,118 US banks, by size - MSP Email Security
MSP DMARC and SPF, 1,430 domains - Credit Union Cybersecurity Statistics 2026
55% of credit unions skip DMARC - Citrix NetScaler Vulnerabilities 2026
48 NetScaler CVEs, 6 exploited, build checker - Fortinet Vulnerabilities 2026
Every 2026 Fortinet CVE, by product - Okta Vulnerabilities
Okta CVEs and incidents, two ledgers - Veeam Vulnerabilities
Veeam CVEs, fixed builds, KEV flags
Infrastructure and uptime
- Data Centers Using Nuclear Power
Every US nuclear deal, by NRC stage - Claude Outage History
934 Claude incidents by model and hour - AMD vs Nvidia Market Share Over Time
AMD vs Nvidia share: Steam and SEC filings - iPhone Market Share by Country 2026
iPhone share in every country - Android Market Share by Version 2026
Android versions and patch status - OpenAI Outage History
1,051 OpenAI incidents, causes coded - Data Center Construction Spending 2026
Data center build spending, Census monthly - Microsoft End of Support 2026
Every 2026 Microsoft support cutoff - Fiber Internet Availability by State 2026
Fiber by state, build pace, top providers - 5G Coverage Map 2026
5G by state and carrier, FCC data - Cell Phone Outage History
FCC outages, DIRS cell sites, 911 fines - Mac Market Share 2026
Mac desktop share by country and version - Browser Market Share 2026
Browser share since 2009, by platform - Microsoft 365 Market Share 2026
Who runs email: Microsoft vs Google - CrowdStrike Outage
July 19, 2024 outage, minute by minute - Data Center Electricity Prices 2026
Power prices vs data center load, by state - Average Internet Bill 2026
Home internet prices by speed and state - Search Engine Market Share 2026
Search share since 2009, by country - ChatGPT Market Share 2026
AI chatbot referral share, every tracker - Google Cloud Outage History
Google Cloud incidents by product, 2013 on - Azure Outage History
Every Azure PIR, coded by root cause - Data Center Water Usage 2026
Water by site, company and drought - AI Energy Consumption 2026
Big Tech electricity vs US demand - SSD Prices 2026
NAND price cycle from makers’ filings - RAM Prices 2026
DRAM prices from producers’ filings - Domain Name Statistics 2026
Domains by TLD, renewals, registrars - Linux Market Share 2026
Linux desktop share, every headline traced - GitHub Outages
GitHub incidents by month since 2020 - Cloudflare Outage History
Every Cloudflare outage post-mortem - Starlink Statistics 2026
Satellites, subscribers, coverage, outages - Internet Access Statistics 2026
Home internet gaps by state and group - SQL Server End of Life
SQL Server support countdown + CVEs - Windows 11 Market Share 2026
Windows 10 vs 11 share by country - Cloud Computing Statistics 2026
Hyperscaler revenue and capex, SEC data - AWS Outage History
Every AWS Post-Event Summary since 2011 - Data Centers by State 2026
Sites, jobs, power for every state - Data Center Statistics 2026
Data center power, spending, jobs - 99.9% Uptime
Uptime calculator and 35 real SLAs - Power Outage Statistics by State
Outage hours by state, EIA data - Cost of Downtime
Revenue per hour for 3,001 public companies - Windows Server End of Life
Support dates and CVEs per server version - SQL Server 2016 ESU Cost
ESU cost calculator, every formula - Slack Outage History
1,459 Slack entries, SLA history, ledger - Google Workspace vs Microsoft 365 in US Schools
Google vs Microsoft in 10,591 districts - Block GPTBot
AI crawler blocks across top 10k sites - security.txt Adoption 2026
Who publishes a valid security.txt - Government Email Security 2026
.gov DMARC: local 40% vs federal 88% - Government Website Security 2026
.gov web security scored by state - vSphere 8 End of Support
vSphere 8 dates, exploited flaws by version - Office 2019 End of Life
Office 2019 EOL: who still gets patches - Zoom Outage History
Every Zoom incident since 2015
Regulation and disclosure
- Are Ransomware Payments Illegal? Law by Jurisdiction
Who may pay a ransom, by jurisdiction - HIPAA Security Rule Changes 2026
Security Rule status: current vs proposed - FTC Safeguards Rule Breach Notification
500-consumer, 30-day FTC breach duty - Data Center Moratorium by State 2026
Moratoria and bans in every state - State Privacy Laws 2026
23 state privacy laws, compared - State AI Laws 2026
131 state AI laws, dates and penalties - FedRAMP Statistics 2026
FedRAMP authorizations, GSA data - Item 1C Cybersecurity Disclosures
What 600 10-Ks say in Item 1C - CMMC Certification Statistics 2026
CMMC demand vs assessor capacity - Data Brokers List 2026
728 brokers across three state registries - SEC Cybersecurity Incident Disclosures
Every 8-K Item 1.05 filing - HIPAA Enforcement Tracker
Every OCR penalty and settlement - CMMC Level 2 Assessment Cost
CMMC Level 2 cost estimator, DoD figures - Safe Harbor Cybersecurity Laws by State
10 states, 11 laws, framework grid
Workforce and pay
- Intel Layoff Tracker
Every Intel WARN notice, by site and date - Amazon Layoffs by State
Amazon WARN notices, state by state - Oracle Layoffs by State
Oracle WARN notices and restructuring cost - Cloud Architect vs Cloud Engineer Salary
Architect vs engineer pay, H-1B filings - Entry Level DevOps Engineer Salary
Entry level DevOps pay, H-1B filings - Microsoft Layoff History Timeline
Every round dated, 2009 to 2026 - Google Layoffs by Year
Notices, headcount, severance by year - AI Engineer vs ML Engineer Salary
AI vs ML engineer pay, from H-1B filings - Data Engineer Salary by Experience
Data engineer pay by DOL wage level - Most Popular Programming Languages 2026
Language ranks by country, GitHub data - Computer Science Graduates Per Year
CS degrees per year, IPEDS 2011 to 2024 - Data Scientist Salary 2026
Data scientist pay ladder and metros, BLS - Web Developer Salary 2026
Web dev vs software pay by state, BLS - AI at Work Statistics 2026
Worker AI use: ever, weekly, daily, by job - Network Engineer Salary 2026
Network engineer vs admin pay, BLS - IT Manager Salary 2026
IT manager pay by industry, BLS OEWS - Software Engineer Salary 2026
Developer pay by metro, BLS OEWS - H-1B Statistics 2026
H-1B lottery, employers, and wages - AI Layoffs 2026
AI-blamed job cuts, sourced to filings - Help Desk Salary 2026
Help desk hourly pay, BLS OEWS - Cybersecurity Salary 2026
Security pay percentiles, BLS OEWS - Women in Tech Statistics 2026
Women’s share of tech jobs since 2011 - IT Unemployment Rate 2026
Tech vs national jobless rate, monthly - Tech Job Postings 2026
Tech postings vs 2020, by role and country - Tech Layoffs 2026
Tech layoffs from state WARN notices - Remote Work Statistics 2026
Telework by job, industry, and state - Highest Paying Cities for IT Jobs 2026
Metro pay by role, BLS OEWS - The Tech Job Market in 2026
Openings, quits, hires, layoffs - IT Salaries by State 2026
Pay matrix for four IT roles - IT and Cybersecurity Jobs Outlook 2026
BLS employment projections - Salesforce Layoffs by State
Salesforce WARN notices, state by state - Dell Layoffs by Year
Headcount, severance, notices by year - IBM Layoffs by Year
IBM workforce charges against headcount - Meta Layoffs by Year
Meta rounds, sites and headcount by year - IT Director vs IT Manager Salary
IT director vs manager pay, H-1B filings - Penetration Tester Salary Entry Level
Entry level pen test pay, H-1B filings - Site Reliability Engineer vs DevOps Salary
SRE vs DevOps pay, H-1B filings - Data Engineer vs Data Analyst Salary
Data engineer vs analyst pay, H-1B ledger - Network Engineer vs System Administrator Salary
Network engineer vs sysadmin pay by state - Security Analyst vs Security Engineer Salary
Analyst vs engineer pay, step by step - Cloud Engineer vs DevOps Engineer Salary
Cloud vs DevOps pay by metro, H-1B - Cisco Layoffs by Year
Cisco cuts by year: charges vs staff
MSP market and spending
- AI Capex 2026
Big Tech capex vs cash flow, SEC data - Cybersecurity Budget 2027
Federal and CISA cyber budgets, benchmarks - Microsoft 365 Price Increase 2026
Every M365 price change, vs inflation - Computer Prices 2026
Computer price indexes and HS 8471 imports - MSP Market Size 2026
Managed services market, built from Census - Small Business AI Adoption 2026
AI use by firm size, sector, state, Census - Cyber Insurance Statistics
Cyber insurance market, NAIC 2015-2024 - IT Spending by Industry
IT investment by industry, BEA - IT Services Industry Growth 2026
Census revenue by service industry - IT Hourly Rates 2026
Hourly IT labor rates, GSA contracts - VoIP Statistics 2026
Business VoIP vs landlines, FCC - MSP Industry Statistics 2026
Jobs, wages, and firms, BLS QCEW - Federal IT Spending 2026
IT services contracts, USAspending - IT Services Firms by State
Census business patterns atlas - How Much Do MSPs Charge Per User?
Published MSP prices, 1,310 websites - VMware Price Increase Broadcom Timeline
Broadcom VMware changes and revenue, dated
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